Fig. 2: Representative fundus photos with associated RPS. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Representative fundus photos with associated RPS.

From: Machine learning derived retinal pigment score from ophthalmic imaging shows ethnicity is not biology

Fig. 2

a Randomly sampled colour fundus photographs from each UK Biobank self-reported ethnicity and from the Tanzanian, Australian, and Chinese (ODIR) datasets, sorted by quintiles of retinal pigment score (RPS) across the entire distribution of RPS for the UK Biobank cohort. The RGB colour of the pixel value that is converted into RPS as well as the RPS is shown at the bottom of each fundus photograph. Black spaces represent when there are no suitable images within the respective ethnicity subgroup and quintile b Normalised kernel density estimation plot of the distribution of RPS for all participants grouped by self-reported ethnicity as reported in the UK Biobank as well as the Tanzanian, Australian, and Chinese (ODIR) datasets. Relative frequencies are normalised so the area under each curve is equal for each ethnicity subgroup. The subpanel consists of examples where for a given RPS and the a,b values in the CIELAB colour space are constant but the L vector changes. The x-axis is shared in both subpanels. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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