Fig. 4: Two subtypes of T-stellate cells.

a Left: UMAP visualization of two subclusters of Fam129a⁺ neurons, colored by subcluster. Right: All Patch-seq cells mapped onto Fam129a⁺ cluster on the left. Individual dots represent each patch-seq cell. b UMAP visualization of normalized expression of Fam129a, Fn1, and Dchs2 in T-stellate cell cluster. c FISH co-staining for Fam129a and Fn1 in a CN sagittal section. Lines along images depict density of single-labeled or double-labeled neurons along the two axes of CN. Inset pie chart: proportion of double-labeled cells among all Fam129a⁺ cells counted across eight consecutive sagittal sections. Dashed contours indicate the CN region. Two images on the right are zoomed-in views of boxed regions on the left. Arrows point to double-labeled cells. d FISH co-staining for Fam129a and Dchs2 in a CN sagittal section. Inset pie chart shows the proportion of double-labeled cells among all Fam129a⁺ cells counted across six consecutive sections. Two images on the right are zoomed-in views. e Left: 2D spatial projection of Patch-seq T-stellate cells onto a sagittal view of CN, colored by subtypes. Right: Comparison of the distance to CN posterior edge between T-Fn1 and T-Dchs2. n = 12 for T-Fn1 cells from 10 mice, and n = 16 for T-Dchs2 cells from 10 mice; Data are presented as mean ± SEM; Two-sided t-test. f Left: Representative morphology of two Fn1⁺ and two Dchs2⁺ cells in a CN sagittal view. Right: zoomed-in of T-stellate cells shown on the left. Axons in red. g Sholl analysis of T-stellate cell dendrites. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 6 for T-Fn1 cells from 6 mice, and n = 20 for T-Dchs2 cells from 12 mice; Two-way mixed model ANOVA. h Polar histograms showing the distribution of dendritic branch termination points with respect to soma of T-Fn1 and T-Dchs2. p = 3.0e-19 for the difference between the distributions using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. i Example responses of two T-stellate subtypes to current steps. j Comparison of electrophysiological features between two T-stellate subtypes. n = 16 for T-Fn1 cells from 13 mice, and n = 29 for T-Dchs2 cells from 16 animals, Mean ± SEM; Two-sided t-test. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.