Fig. 4: Cytosolic redox dynamics accompany illumination and hypoxia-reoxygenation in plants.

a Confocal microscopy images of NAPstar4.3 expressed in the cytosol of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Scale bar = 20 µm. Response of NAPstar4.3 (b), NAPstarC (c) and Peredox (d) to the indicated periods of illumination after treatment with a solvent control (Mock) or the photosynthetic inhibitor DCMU (in each panel data presented are the mean ± s.d. based on n = 6 leaf discs from six individual plants). e, Box and whisker plot, derived from the datasets in b–d, showing the change in the normalised log10 TS/mC ratio after 60 minutes of illumination. Boxes show the interquartile range, with the middle line defining the median. X, represents the mean values. Whiskers show the minimum and maximum values, excluding outliers. Dots indicate outlier values, which are defined as being 1.5 times the interquartile range above and below the third and first quartile respectively. P-values are derived from an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. Response of NAPstar4.3 (f), NAPstarC (g), Peredox (h), Grx1-roGFP2 (i) and roGFP2-Orp1 (j) probes to 6 hours of hypoxia (0.1% oxygen) followed by restoration of normal atmospheric oxygen levels (n = 7 for NAPstarC, roGFP2-Orp1 and Grx1-roGFP2, n = 8 for Peredox and NAPstar4.3leaf discs taken from 7 or 8 individual plants). In all panels, data are presented as mean ± s.d. normalised to the average value before induction of hypoxia.