Fig. 5: Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory ability of hydrogel.

Scavenging rates of the RL hydrogels for DPPH (a), ·OH (b), and H2O2 (c) after co-incubation for different times. d Alleviation of oxidative stress in L929 cells using DCFH-DA as ROS indicator after different treatments. e–g Immunofluorescence staining of iNOS, CD206, IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells after treatment with RL hydrogels in the presence of LPS, and cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). h, i The relative mRNA expression levels of iNOS, CD206 and IL-6, TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells treated with RL hydrogels. Data are shown as mean ± s.d. (n = 3 independent samples in a–c, h, i). Two-sided unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis of (h, i).