Fig. 8: Analysis of the healing results of the Beagle POF models.

a Schematic illustrating the POF defect and treatment schedule in the Beagle model. b Representative photographs of wounds with different treatments from day 0 to day 22. c Wound healing rate at different time. d H&E staining of the skin side and mucosal side after 22 days of treatment. The dashed box areas are magnified and shown below (White dashed line: intact epithelial layer; red dashed line: defective epithelial layer; blue dashed line: inflammatory area). scale bars in both magnified images and insets: 400 μm. e Masson’s trichrome staining and (f) corresponding quantification results of collagen volume fractions of the skin side and mucosal side after 22 days of treatment. Scale bar: 200 μm. g IL-6, α-SMA, CD31 and VEGF immunofluorescence staining images and (h) quantification analysis of wounds treated for 22 days. Scale bar: 100 μm. Data are shown as mean ± s.d. (n = 3 Beagle dogs in c, f, h). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis of (c, f, h).