Fig. 1: 3 Ma experiment forcings and simulated climate using the CESM1.2 model.
From: Northern Hemisphere sea ice variability in a transient CGCM simulation of the past 2.6 Ma
Time series show the prescribed orbital forcing: a eccentricity index35, b precession index35 (esinω, where e is the eccentricity, and ω is the longitude of the perihelion), c obliquity index35 (degrees), d summer (JJA) incoming solar radiation at 65° N (watts per square meter), e prescribed CO2 concentration19 (ppmv), f prescribed global ice volume in sea level equivalent19 (meters), g simulated NH (35° N–90° N) sea ice extent (million km2), h simulated global mean surface temperature (degrees Celsius), i simulated NH perennial sea ice (million km2), and j simulated surface air temperature (degrees Celsius). Perennial sea ice refers to the ocean surface covered with more than 80–90% of sea ice concentration. X-axis denotes time before present in Ma. Yellow-shaded region indicates the MPT (0.7–1.2 Ma).
