Fig. 3: Proposed FeFET-based strong PUF.

a The cell-by-cell registration starts with resetting and programming one FeFET twice. The \({V}_{{{{\rm{TH}}}}}\) of two cycles is compared to rewrite the cell state (\(S\)) into the FeFETs. b The input challenge (\(C\)) and \(S\) are XORed at node X. Through capacitive coupling, \({V}_{{{{\rm{SL}}}}}\) averages the \({V}_{{{{\rm{X}}}}}\) of all PUF cells and is compared with \({V}_{{{{\rm{ref}}}}}\) to generate the response.