Fig. 2: Morphologies and physicochemical properties of different TFC membranes. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Morphologies and physicochemical properties of different TFC membranes.

From: Lignin alkali regulated interfacial polymerization towards ultra-selective and highly permeable nanofiltration membrane

Fig. 2

a, d SEM and b, e AFM images of surface morphologies of control-thin film composite (C-TFC) and lignin alkali-thin film composite (LA-TFC) membranes, respectively. c, f TEM images of cross-section morphologies of C-TFC and LA-TFC membranes, respectively. g ATR-FTIR spectra of polysulfone (PSF) and TFC membranes. h XPS survey scan spectra of TFC membranes. i MWCO of TFC membranes. Inserts in (b, e) are height profiles of the corresponding PA nanofilms, inserts in (h) are degree of network cross-linking (DNC) and water contact angles (WCAs) of C-TFC and LA-TFC membranes, and inserts in (i) are pore size distributions of C-TFC and LA-TFC membranes, respectively. The concentration of LA for LA-TFC membrane preparation was 0.75 wt%.

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