Fig. 4: Separation performance of different thin film composite (TFC) membranes. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Separation performance of different thin film composite (TFC) membranes.

From: Lignin alkali regulated interfacial polymerization towards ultra-selective and highly permeable nanofiltration membrane

Fig. 4

a Effects of lignin alkali (LA) concentrations on pure water permeance (PWP) of LA-TFC membranes. b The correlation between water permeance enhancement factor and percentage of crumpled structure area of LA-TFC membranes. c Effects of LA concentrations on different salts rejections of LA-TFC membranes. d Na2SO4 rejections of LA0.75-TFC at different Na2SO4 concentrations. e Na2SO4 and NaCl concentrations in the feed and permeant solutions and the selectivity factors (α) of NaCl to Na2SO4 of different TFC membranes. f Long-term separation performance of LA0.75-TFC membrane. Error bars represent standard deviation of three independent measurements.

Back to article page