Fig. 2: Self-motivated spontaneous sniffing is associated with DA levels.
From: Dopaminergic signaling to ventral striatum neurons initiates sniffing behavior
a Setup for measurement of respiration by both whole-body plethysmography and intranasal pressure. bi Respiration acquired by both modalities in an awake mouse, with a zoomed in inset. bii Example latency during a sniffing bout (n = 125 respiratory cycles). Respiratory traces (top) show an intranasal pressure peaks aligned to time 0, and a plethysmograph peak detected < 60 ms later in one mouse. biii Respiratory frequencies from the approach in (a). c Schematic of fiber photometry and plethysmograph system to record GRABDA signals and sniffing by plethysmograph. d Fiber implant locations (n = 7 mice/group) with the color corresponding to that in Figs. 2f–h and 3c–h. e Example 465 nm GRABDA and 405 nm UV signals in the TuS during resting/quiescent behavioral state (ei) and upon a spontaneous sniff bout (eii). resp = respiration. f, g, and h show averaged GRABDA relative to sniff bout onset and also scatterplots of the relationship between GRABDA levels (peak z-score) and average sniff frequency in mice from the TuS (f; r = 0.29, p = 0.008; tests in f, g, h are Pearson correlations)), NAcSh (g; r = 0.12, p = 0.249), or NAcC (h; r = 0.038, p = 0.703). Abbreviations: resp (respiration), Inst Hz (instantaneous frequency). Data in (fi), (gi), and (hi) are mean ± SEM (n = 7 mice/group) and are smoothed for visualization only, with box plots displaying average sniffing bout duration (mean ± 25th and 75th percentiles, with whiskers as minima and maxima). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Panels (a and c) were created in BioRender. Wesson, D. (2024) https://BioRender.com/q02t194.
