Fig. 3: K. oxytoca directly antagonizes K. pneumoniae in early infection but clearance is microbiome-dependent. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: K. oxytoca directly antagonizes K. pneumoniae in early infection but clearance is microbiome-dependent.

From: Klebsiella oxytoca facilitates microbiome recovery via antibiotic degradation and restores colonization resistance in a diet-dependent manner

Fig. 3

a Schematic illustrating ex vivo competition assay. Caecum content was isolated from GF mice fed one of four diets for 14 days, pooled, and used as a medium base for competition assay between K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae. b CFUs of K. pneumoniae after 24 h of co-culturing with K. oxytoca. Dots represent the average of three technical replicates. Bars represent the mean of 4 independent experiments (n = 4) with SEM using different cultures of bacteria. Two-tailed p-values indicated represent Mann-Whitney non-parametric rank comparison with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.0001. c Schematic showing the experimental setup. One group of GF mice per diet was colonized with K. oxytoca while the other group per diet was left uncolonized. K. pneumoniae challenge took place four days after K. oxytoca pre-colonization, colonization levels of both bacteria were monitored for 14 days. d, e CFUs of (d) K. pneumoniae and (e) K. oxytoca from fecal samples. Lines represent group medians from one experiment with n = 4–5 mice/group. Global p-values represent a two-way repeated-measured ANOVA with Geisser-Greenhouse correction with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.0001. Two-tailed p-values indicated at individual time points represent Mann-Whitney non-parametric rank comparison between K. oxytoca pre-colonized and non-colonized groups per day with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.0001. Panel (a) and (b) Created with BioRender.com.

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