Fig. 3: Mimicking endogenous ramping of NE tonic release in the DG is sufficient for contextual disambiguation in the absence of a salient aversive stimulus.
From: Dentate gyrus norepinephrine ramping facilitates aversive contextual processing

a Schematic of the experimental approach depicts infection of DG with GRABNE, optical fiber implanted above the DG, and infection of LC with ChrimsonR. b Schematic depicting CFD task. c Stimulation tuning and amplitude matching for stimulation parameters compared to endogenous NE dynamics observed during CFD. d Averaged traces of GRABNE fluorescence during CFD training (n = 9 mice). e Individual heat maps during CFD training (n = 9 mice). f Freezing behavior during CFD training (n = 9 mice). Paired two-tailed t test (Day 1: t(8) = 1.480, p = 0.1773; Day 5: t(8) = 1.114, p = 0.2975; Day 9: t(8) = 0.9306, p = 0.3793). g Area under the curve analysis of GRABNE fluorescence levels during CFD training (n = 9 mice). Paired two-tailed t test (Day 1: t(8) = 1.344, p = 0.2158; Day 5: t(8) = 1.090, p = 0,3074; Day 9: t(8) = 0.4070, p = 0.6947). h Peak response analysis of GRABNE fluorescence levels during CFD training (n = 9 mice). Paired two-tailed t test (Day 1: t(8) = 4.519, p = 0.0020; Day 5: t(8) = 3.535, p = 0.0077; Day 9: t(8) = 5.824, p = 0.0004). i Average slope during CFD training (n = 9 mice). Paired two-tailed t test (Day 1: t(8) = 1.380, p = 0.2051; Day 5: t(8) = 1.085, p = 0.3097; Day 9: t(8) = 0.8658, p = 0.4118). j Schematic of experimental approach depicts infection of DG with GRABNE, optical fiber implanted above the DG, and infection of LC with ChrimsonR. k Schematic depicting CFD task. l Stimulation tuning and amplitude matching for stimulation parameters compared to endogenous NE dynamics observed during CFD. m Averaged traces of GRABNE fluorescence during CFD training (n = 9 mice). n Individual heat maps during CFD training (n = 9 mice). o Freezing behavior during CFD training (n = 9 mice). Paired two-tailed t test (Day 1: t(8) = 0.9955, p = 0.3486; Day 5: t(8) = 2.072, p = 0.0720; Day 9: t(8) = 2.735, p = 0.0257). p Area under the curve analysis of GRABNE fluorescence levels during CFD training (n = 9 mice). Paired two-tailed t test (Day 1: t(8) = 1.335, p = 0.2187; Day 5: t(8) = 5.359, p = 0.0007; Day 9: t(8) = 3.611, p = 0.0069). q Average slope during CFD training (n = 9 mice). Paired two-tailed t-test (Day 1: t(8) = 3.197, p = 0.0127; Day 5: t(8) = 4.235, p = 0.0029; Day 9: t(8) = 3.053, p = 0.0157). r Schematic depicting major findings that elevation of NE tonic release in the DG is sufficient for contextual disambiguation in the absence of a salient aversive stimulus. All data are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005.