Fig. 1: Study overview.

This study evaluated solid organ transplant recipients (N = 86) matched 2:1 with non-transplant controls (N = 172) enrolled in the IMPACC cohort of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at 20 medical sites across the United States. Blood (PBMCs and serum) and nasal swab samples were collected at up to 6 visits over 28 days, and processed for RNA sequencing, proximity extension assay (Olink) soluble proteomics, mass cytometry, and serology. Created in BioRender32.