Fig. 2: Homogeneous oscillations of polarization in planar NF cell at low voltages.
From: Periodic splay Fréedericksz transitions in a ferroelectric nematic
a Electric circuit to measure the electro-optical response of the NF cells. b Applied sinusoidal voltage profile; 200 kHz, period T = 5 μs. c Transmitted light intensity vs time for obliquely incident light beam of a wavelength 633 nm. Up and down realignments of the polarization \({{\bf{P}}}\) (arrows with white heads) by the same angle cause a different optical retardance for obliquely incident light beam. d = (3.0 ± 0.1) μm, 125 °C. d Amplitudes of the first harmonic of transmitted intensity \({\tau }_{1}\) and of polarization tilt \({\psi }_{1}\) are proportional to each other and to the applied voltage; error bars correspond to the accuracy of refractive indices measurement and standard deviation of the cell thickness. e PolScope Microimager maps of homogeneous time-averaged optical retardance \(\bar{\varGamma }\) for normal incidence of light of a wavelength 535 nm; the black ticks show the optical axis calculated by the PolScope. R shows the direction of rubbing at both plates. 200 kHz, square waveform. NF cell with d = (2.7 ± 0.1) μm; 125 °C. f Time-averaged retardance \(\bar{\varGamma }\) vs voltage; the same cell; error bars are standard deviations.
