Fig. 3: Room-temperature performance comparison of photodetectors with vertical and lateral transport channels.

a–c Comparison of broadband wavelength-dependent external quantum efficiency (a), responsivity (b), and detectivity (c) between vertical and lateral channel devices, with all measurements performed at Vds = 0 V. d, e Rise and decay times for vertical (d) and lateral channel devices (e) measured at Vds = 0 V under 1550 nm laser illumination. A digital oscilloscope was used to record the fast-varying photocurrent signals. f Normalized photoresponse as a function of modulation frequency extracted at Vds = 0 V under 1550 nm laser illumination for vertical and lateral channel devices. g Output characteristics of the vertical photodetector in the dark and under illumination with 1193 K blackbody radiation. h Time-resolved photoresponse at different blackbody temperatures measured at Vds = 0 V. i Wavelength-dependent D* of the vertical device at different blackbody temperatures measured at Vds = 0 V.