Fig. 3: Ensemble reconstruction of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall over the past 22,000 years.
From: Tipping point-induced abrupt shifts in East Asian hydroclimate since the Last Glacial Maximum
The annual rainfall anomaly is expressed as deviations from the mean value of 1592 mm in the period 1961–1990 CE. The gray shading indicates the 95% confidence interval (from 2.5th to 97.5th percentile) of the reconstructions based on all methods (N = 14,850). The lines with different colors indicate the means of the reconstruction based on different methods (N = 1650). The triangles on the top indicate radiocarbon (14C) age-control points. The daily mean of solar insolation at 20°N during summer (June-July-August, JJA)64 is shown for comparison. LGM, Last Glacial Maximum; HS1 Heinrich stadial 1, BA Bølling–Allerød, YD Younger Dryas, EH early Holocene, MH mid-Holocene, LH late Holocene. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
