Fig. 4: Viral DUX4 expression in patient samples.

A Immunohistochemistry staining of liver biopsies from hepatitis patients with HSV-1, HBV and HCV. Consecutive slices were stained with antibodies specific for DUX4 (left panel) and HSV-1 (right panel). B Reanalysis of sequencing datasets from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). Datasets were classified according to a DUX4 score (Expression of DUX4 and DUX4-target genes, y-axis) and viral abundances (x-axis). Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA), Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLLE), Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DBLC), Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (ESAD), Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), Liver Cancer (LIRI), Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), Malignant Lymphoma (MALY), Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV), Pancreatic Cancer (PACA), Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), Rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), Renal Cancer (RECA), Sarcoma (SARC), Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM), Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), Thyroid carcinoma (THCA), Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC). C Reanalysis of single cell sequencing datasets from patients with EBV-positive Nasopharynx carcinoma (NPC) from Liu et al.³⁷. Left panel: UMAP projection of number of EBV-specific reads per cell, pool of 10 donors. Right panel: UMAP projection of number of DUX4-target gene specific reads pool of 10 donors. D Reanalysis of single cell sequencing datasets from patients with HPV-positive head and neck cancer from Kürten et al.³⁸. Left panel: UMAP projection of number of HPV-specific reads per cell, pool of 10 donors, 5 donors HPV-positive and 5 donors HPV-negative. Right panel: UMAP projection of number of DUX4-target gene specific reads, pool of 10 donors, 5 donors HPV positive and 5 donors HPV-negative. E Reanalysis of single cell sequencing datasets from patients with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) from Das et al.³⁹. Left panel: UMAP projection of number of MCPyV-specific reads per cell, pool of 11 donors. Right panel: UMAP projection of number of DUX4-target gene specific reads, pool of 11 donors. F Quantification of DUX4-reads and HPV-reads in single cells in cell clusters from D. Statistical analysis was done using the two-sided Kruskal-Wallis test with adjustment for multiple comparison.