Fig. 4: Alterations in gut bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, SCFA profile and other functions. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Alterations in gut bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, SCFA profile and other functions.

From: A legume-enriched diet improves metabolic health in prediabetes mediated through gut microbiome: a randomized controlled trial

Fig. 4

A The glycoside hydrolase genes that have significantly different progression profiles in the IG compared with the CG identified by LinDA (q(Treatment×Time) < 0.05 and q(Time) < 0.05). The values represent the Z scores of averages of study weeks and groups calculated per enzyme. B Correlation of blood glucose and lipid levels with intestinal and plasma SCFAs in two groups respectively. *q < 0.05, **q < 0.01, and ***q < 0.001. HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; LDL-C: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; HDL-C: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; TC: Total Cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; FG: Fasting Glucose. C Bubble chart of gene enrichment analyses for genes significantly changed in the IG. Size of circle denotes number of genes in the pathway, colored by adjusted p-values. D Changes in genes involved in each step of the histidine degradation pathway. Data presented as mean ± standard error. #q (Treatment×Time) < 0.05, ##q (Treatment×Time) < 0.01 denote q-values for the Treatment × Time interaction coefficient (hutH: W16 0.03; hutU: W16 0.008; hutI: W12 0.01, W16 0.002; hutG: W12 0.01, W16 0.002); *q (Time) < 0.05, **q (Time) < 0.01, and ***q (Time) < 0.001 denote q-values for the time coefficient within the same group. hutH: histidine ammonia-lyase; hutU: urocanate hydratase; hutI: imidazolonepropionase; hutG: formiminoglutamase. Number of participants in IG over weeks: week 0, n = 54; week 2, n = 54; week 4, n = 54; week 8, n = 54; week 12, n = 53; week 16, n = 54; number of participants in CG over weeks: week 0, n = 57; week 2, n = 55; week 4, n = 57; week 8, n = 57; week 12, n = 56; week 16, n = 57. E Changes in histidine degradation pathway abundance annotated by HUMAnN3. Data presented as mean ± standard error. #q (Treatment×Time) < 0.05 denote q-values for the Treatment × Time interaction coefficient; ***q (Time) < 0.001 denote q-values for the time coefficient within the same group. Number of participants in IG over weeks: week 0, n = 54; week 2, n = 54; week 4, n = 54; week 8, n = 54; week 12, n = 53; week 16, n = 54; number of participants in CG over weeks: week 0, n = 57; week 2, n = 55; week 4, n = 57; week 8, n = 57; week 12, n = 56; week 16, n = 57. F Contribution of species to the histidine degradation pathway.

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