Fig. 2: Scenarios of phenetic variation along the evolution of the Neanderthal clade.

a Scenario #1: no occurrence of bottleneck events; b Scenario #2: occurrence of an early bottleneck event between Sima de lo Huesos and Krapina populations; c Scenario #3: occurrence of a late bottleneck event after population of Krapina and before late Neanderthals; d Scenario #4: occurrence of both an early and late bottleneck events. The horizontal line is a schematic representation of time with earlier occurring groups on the left and later occurring ones on the right. The thickness of the horizontal bars corresponds to the suggested phenetic variation. Colors are coded as follows: blue = Sima de los Huesos; purple = Krapina; green = late Neanderthals.