Fig. 3: Implementation of the dynamic optimization of soil phosphorus (P) status approach with smallholder fields. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Implementation of the dynamic optimization of soil phosphorus (P) status approach with smallholder fields.

From: A dynamic optimization of soil phosphorus status approach could reduce phosphorus fertilizer use by half in China

Fig. 3

Crop yields with different P treatments during 2005 to 2014 were observed at 15,851, 7424, and 12,300 sites for maize, rice, and wheat, respectively. The P treatments include no P application (No P), as well as 50%, 100%, and 150% of the optimal P rate (OPR). The solid line within the box indicates the median, while the red solid line represents the mean. The upper and lower edges of the box denote the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively. The whiskers (short lines extending from the box) correspond to the 95th and 5th percentiles, respectively, and the solid black dots represent outliers. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in cereal crop yield among the various P treatments (p < 0.05). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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