Fig. 2: Room-temperature energy storage performance of 70BCT20-30BMZ ceramics and their local structures.

a P-E loops under various electric fields. b Comparison of the energy storage performance between 70BCT20-30BMZ ceramic and other lead-free relaxor ceramics whose η > 90%. The number near the symbol represents the corresponding reference number. c The cycling reliability measured at 450 kV/cm up to 106 cycles. The inset shows the P-E loops after various cycles. d–e Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM images recorded along the crystallographic [001] direction for the ceramics before and after 106 cycles under 450 kV/cm, respectively. The arrow direction and color denote the projections of the displacement direction and magnitude, respectively, of B-site cation in the corresponding unit cell. f–g Distribution of polarization vector angle and displacement amplitude before and after cycling, respectively.