Fig. 1: Endotoxemia plasma characterization and biomolecular corona translation. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Endotoxemia plasma characterization and biomolecular corona translation.

From: Inflammatory disease progression shapes nanoparticle biomolecular corona-mediated immune activation profiles

Fig. 1

a Schematic representation of the endotoxemia mouse model and plasma extractions for NP corona formation. Plasmas were extracted after varying time-points to assess different inflammation severities (n = 10 mice per timepoint) and used to coat NPs for subsequent macrophage treatments. Created in BioRender. Shaw, J. (2025) https://BioRender.com/s80i128. b Pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles of pooled whole mouse plasma after 0, 3, 8, and 16 h-post LPS injection (representing 3 measurements of n = 10 pooled mouse plasmas per timepoint). c Total protein quantified in whole plasma over time using a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay (n = 3 biological replicates). d Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) of NP corona diameter size distributions after washing off excess plasma. Plots are representative of n = 3 measurements of 30 second recordings. Error bars are represented as red-shaded regions. Mean size and zeta-potential are presented for each condition. e NP corona proteins from NaivePlas, 3hrPlas, and 8hrPlas samples were eluted and run through an SDS-PAGE gel and stained with Coomassie for total protein. f Quantification of proteins eluted from NP coronas using a 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) protein assay, represented as ng of protein per mg NP (n = 3 independent replicates). Significance was calculated using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. g Uptake/association kinetic analysis of Cy5.5-labeled PLGA NPs or NP corona-treated macrophages up to 24 h, quantified using flow cytometry (n = 3 biological replicates). Significance was determined in the final 24-hour timepoint using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test (PLGA:NaivePlas_PLGA, p = 0.0255; NaivePlas_PLGA:3hrPlas_PLGA, p = 0.0151; NaivePlas_PLGA: 8hrPlas_PLGA, p < 0.00001). All data sets are presented as mean ± S.D. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. ns, not significant (P > 0.05). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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