Fig. 10: Comparison of ^Allo15CAR33-NKT cells and IL-15-enhanced conventional CAR33-T (¹⁵CAR33-T) cells.

a–d Generation of ¹⁵CAR33-T cells. a Diagram showing the design of Lenti/CAR33-IL-15 lentivector, and the generation of ¹⁵CAR33-T cells from healthy donor PBMCs. Created in BioRender. LI, Y. (2025) https://BioRender.com/o37h997b FACS detection of the CAR33 and CD4/CD8 co-receptors on CAR33-T and ¹⁵CAR33-T cells. c ELISA analyses of IL-15 production by CAR33-T and ¹⁵CAR33-T cells cultured in vitro for 24 h (n = 3; n indicates different PBMC donors). Note the successful incorporation and expression pf IL-15 transgene in the ¹⁵CAR33-T cells. d Yield of CAR33-T and ¹⁵CAR33-T cells (n = 3; n indicates different PBMC donors). e,f Studying the antitumor efficacy of ¹⁵CAR33-T cells against human AML cell lines. e Experimental design. f Tumor cell killing data at 24 h (n = 4). g–j Studying the in vivo antitumor efficacy of ¹⁵CAR33-T cells using a THP1-FG human AML xenograft NSG mouse model. g Experimental design. h BLI images showing the presence of tumor cells in experimental mice over time. i Quantification of (h) (n = 5). j Kaplan–Meier survival curves of experimental mice over time (n = 5). k–n Studying the in vivo antitumor efficacy of ¹⁵CAR33-T cells using a KG1-FG human AML xenograft NSG mouse model. k Experimental design. l BLI images showing the presence of tumor cells in experimental mice over time. m Quantification of (l) (n = 5). n Kaplan–Meier survival curves of experimental mice over time (n = 5). Note that the data for the Vehicle, ^Allo15CAR33-NKT, and CAR33-T groups were also presented in the main Figs. 5h–k. Representative of 2 (g–n) and 3 (a–f) experiments. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ns, not significant; ****p < 0.0001, by Student’s t test (c, d), one-way ANOVA (i, m), or two-way ANOVA (f). Source data and exact p values are provided as a Source Data file.