Table 6 Results from individual-level multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression analyses examining the association between infection with a different virus and exposure to a coinfected index case with the odds of virus transmission

From: The role of viral interaction in household transmission of symptomatic influenza and respiratory syncytial virus

Characteristic

Influenza A virus modelc

   

Influenza B virus modeld

 

Respiratory Syncytial Virus modele

  
 

OR (95% CI)

z value

P value

OR (95% CI)

z value

P value

OR (95% CI)

z value

P value

Category 2: not infected with another virus, exposed to coinfected indexa

0.39 (0.23–0.64)

−3.722

0.000198

0.56 (0.20–1.56)

−1.099

0.271592

0.28 (0.13–0.60)

−3.313

0.000922

Category 3: infected with another virus, exposed to singly infected indexa

3.49 (2.02–6.03)

4.488

7.18e-06

2.16 (0.59–7.96)

1.162

0.245112

6.05 (2.55–14.35)

4.086

4.38e-05

Category 4: infected with another virus, exposed to coinfected indexa

1.33 (0.64–2.75)

0.757

0.449338

5.39 (1.36–21.37)

2.398

0.016467

2.29 (0.93–5.68)

1.795

0.072647

Sex (male)

1.40 (1.01–1.93)

2.024

0.042963

0.78 (0.41–1.49)

−0.756

0.449592

0.84 (0.51–1.39)

−0.680

0.496274

Index case <18

2.58 (1.70–3.93)

4.420

9.89e-06

1.37 (0.51–3.65)

0.624

0.532469

1.76 (0.77–4.01)

1.344

0.178939

Age 6–11b

0.59 (0.36–0.95)

−2.164

0.030477

0.43 (0.18–1.04)

−1.881

0.059942

0.33 (0.16–0.65)

−3.184

0.001455

Age 12–17b

0.54 (0.30–0.97)

−2.048

0.040555

0.14 (0.04–0.51)

−2.974

0.002943

0.15 (0.05–0.43)

−3.518

0.000434

Age 18–49b

0.56 (0.36–0.86)

−2.605

0.009175

0.20 (0.08–0.46)

−3.785

0.000154

0.19 (0.10-0.36)

−5.255

1.48e-07

Age 50+b

0.62 (0.26–1.51)

−1.044

0.296570

0.10 (0.01–0.97)

−1.984

0.047300

0.28 (0.06–1.26)

−1.657

0.097599

Seasonal influenza vaccination >14 days prior to exposure

1.14 (0.79–1.63)

0.698

0.484948

1.34 (0.62–2.87)

0.743

0.457540

2.06 (1.11–3.81)

2.303

0.021291

  1. In the influenza A virus analysis, there were 1177 individuals in exposure category 1, 431 in category 2, 107 in category 3, and 73 in category 4. In the influenza B virus analysis, there were 546 individuals in exposure category 1, 169 in category 2, 32 in category 3, and 25 in category 4. In the respiratory syncytial virus analysis, there were 719 individuals in exposure category 1, 408 in category 2, 58 in category 3, and 71 in category 4. P values were computed using two-sided asymptotic Wald tests.
  2. aReference group: Category 1—contact not infected with another virus, exposed to singly infected index case.
  3. bReference group: Age 0–5.
  4. cICC = 0.21, R2 (conditional) = 0.304, R2 (marginal) = 0.114, N = 1788 individuals.
  5. dICC = 0.41, R2 (conditional) = 0.473, R2 (marginal) = 0.113, N = 772 individuals.
  6. eICC = 0.38, R2 (conditional) = 0.521, R2 (marginal) = 0.191, N = 1256 individuals.
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