Fig. 3: Energy carriers in main demand sectors across three scenarios.
From: Electricity- and hydrogen-driven energy system sector-coupling in net-zero CO2 emission pathways
In industry (a–c) and for buildings (g–i) we distinguish between seven options (in EJ/yr): electricity, gases, heat, H2, liquids, solids, and others. For transportation (d–f) we distinguish between five options (in EJ/yr): electricity, gases, H2, liquids, and others. The three scenarios depicted are NPI (National Policy Implementation), C0-80 (CO2 price growing to 80 $/tCO2 in 2040), and C400-lin (CO2 price growing to 400 $/tCO2 in 2040).
