Fig. 2: Comparison of fresh and frozen milk.
From: Pasteurisation temperatures effectively inactivate influenza A viruses in milk

H5N3 and PR8 viruses were mixed with pasteurised whole milk which had either been stored at 4 °C until use or previously frozen and thawed. Mixtures were then exposed to pasteurisation temperatures for the indicated time. Datapoints indicate the results of 3 (for frozen milk) or 2 (for non-frozen milk) independent repeats, and the overlaid black line indicates the mean decay for both milks. Source data are available at https://osf.io/m4fa5/.