Fig. 4: Macrophages primed with piezoNPs exhibit ultrasound-boosted antibacterial activities in vitro. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Macrophages primed with piezoNPs exhibit ultrasound-boosted antibacterial activities in vitro.

From: Adoptive cell transfer of piezo-activated macrophage rescues immunosuppressed rodents from life-threating bacterial infections

Fig. 4

a The 20 most significantly enriched KEGG pathways based on DEGs. b Heatmap of differentially regulated genes (P < 0.001) associated with activation of innate immune response (GO: 0045087). Data are mean ± s.d.; statistical analyses were performed by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test. c Heatmap showing phagocytosis-related genetic changes (GO: 0006909). d Flow cytometry of intracellular pHrodo-S. aureus in piezoNPs-primed Mϕ (gating strategy provided in Supplementary Fig. 18). Data is representative of three independent experiments. e The logarithmic CFU count of intracellular live bacteria (n = 3 independent samples, mean ± s.d.). f The plate counting of intracellular live S. aureus (dilute 100 times) in Mϕ. Data is representative of three independent experiments. g Fluorescent imaging of intracellular ROS. Data is representative of three independent experiments. h Western blot analysis of NF-κB p65 protein expression. i The concentration of intracellular TNF (n = 3 independent samples, mean ± s.d.). j The concentration of intracellular IL-1β (n = 3 independent samples, mean ± s.d.). k NO release (n = 3 independent samples, mean ± s.d.). l Schematic image of showing the different mechanisms that increase phagocytic bacteria after macrophages engulfing piezoNPs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns denotes not significance. Statistical significances were assessed using two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple (e, i, j) or two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test (k) comparisons test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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