Fig. 5: US-activated piezoMϕ for adoptive cell immunotherapy of S. aureus-induced abscess and sepsis infection with immunosuppression.

a Construction of an S. aureus abscess model in immune-suppressed rats and treatment with activated piezoMϕ. b Cell viability of Mϕ, piezoMϕ and activated piezoMϕ (n  =  5 independent samples, mean ± s.d.). c Photography of infected abscess in each treatment group 24 h after ACT. d Changes in the infected area of each treatment group (n = 6 mice). e Experimental procedures of treatment in an S. aureus sepsis model. f Survival and g body weight analysis of the sepsis mice (n = 8 mice, mean ± s.d). Survival of mice was determined using Kaplan–Meier and compared using the log-rank test. h Bacteria burden of mice with S.aureus spesis. A single injection of PBS, Mϕ, piezoMϕ, or activated piezoMϕ) was given intravenously 6 h after the infection (n  =  3 mice, mean ± s.d.). The infected organs were collected 24 and 480 h after injection. After homogenization, the amount of CFU was determined through serial dilution. i WBCs and j LYMs (n = 8 mice at 6 h;PBS, Mϕ, piezoMϕ: n = 5 mice at 24 h; activated piezoMϕː n = 7 mice at 24 h and 480 h.). Data in (b, d, h, i, j) are presented as mean ± s.d.. ^***P < 0.001, ^****P < 0.0001, ns denotes not significance. Statistical significances were assessed using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (b, d) or two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (h, i, j). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.