Fig. 5: Dox@vesicles for enhanced antitumor effect.

a Schematic illustration of the experimental flow. b Animals were randomized before treatment (n = 5 mice per group). c Tumor volume of MDA-MB-231 bearing mice growth curves. d Tumor growth curves for individual MDA-MB-231 model mice. Mice were monitored for e tumor weight and f body weight. g Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival. h Tumor growth curves of PANC-1 bearing mice treated with different regimens. i Individual tumor growth curves. j Tumor weights and k body weights of mice over time. l Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival. m The HE and Ki67 staining of liver tissues. Each experiment was repeated 3 times independently with similar results in 5 m. Scale bar is 200 µm. Data are displayed as mean ± SD of n = 5 independent measurements in (c, e, f, h, j, k). P values in (e) and (j) were determined by One-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. n.s., not significant (ANOVA), **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001.