Fig. 3: RECQ4 cooperates with MUS81 to prevent ultrafine bridges formation.

A Graphical depiction of ultrafine bridges. Created in BioRender. Ashraf, R. (2025) https://BioRender.com/o36w298. B Representative immunofluorescence images of UFBs stained by PICH, fragile sites visualised by FANCD2 staining, centromere staining by Anti centromere antibodies (CEN), and telomere staining with telomere PNA probe (TEL) in Flp-In T-REx U2OS cells. Scale bar = 5 µm. C–E Quantification of the average number of UFBs per anaphase cell with different types of UFBs for each treatment. (C) Fragile sites ultrafine bridges, FUB; n = 3 independent experiments; data are means ± SD; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test; p-value were adjusted by GraphPad Prism software; siControl vs siRECQ4 *p = 0.0343; siRecq4 vs WT/siRecq4 *p = 0.0211; WT/siRecq4 vs Δ3/siRECQ4 *p = 0.0191; WT/siRecq4 vs siMus81 *p = 0.0449; WT/siRecq4 vs siRecq4/siMus81 *p = 0.0312. (D) Centromeric ultrafine bridges (CUB); n = 3 independent experiments; data are means ± SD; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test; p-value were adjusted by GraphPad Prism software; siControl vs siRECQ4 ****p < 0.0001; siRecq4 vs WT/siRecq4 ***p = 0.0003; WT/siRecq4 vs Δ3/siRECQ4 **p = 0.0034; WT/siRecq4 vs siMus81 **p = 0.0014; WT/siRecq4 vs siRecq4/siMus81 ****p < 0.0001. (E) Telomeric ultrafine bridges (TUB); n = 3 independent experiments; data are means ± SD; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test; p-value were adjusted by GraphPad Prism software; siControl vs siRECQ4 **p = 0.0020; siRecq4 vs WT/siRecq4 **p = 0.0039; WT/siRecq4 vs Δ3/siRECQ4 **p = 0.0032. Depletion of endogenous RECQ4 and expression of RECQ4 constructs with doxycycline was done for 48 h. F, G Quantification of the average number of UFBs per anaphase cell in wild-type and RECQ4-depleted HT1080 (ALT-negative) cell line. F Centromeric ultrafine bridges (CUB); n = 3 independent experiments; data are means ± SD; Mann–Whitney test; one-tailed; *p = 0.0500. G Telomeric ultrafine bridges (TUB); n = 3 independent experiments; data are means ± SD; Mann–Whitney test; one-tailed; *p = 0.0500. Source data are provided as source data file.