Fig. 2: tr-APXPS data of CO oxidation over Pt(111) with 40 μs time resolution when pulsing CO gas at 10 Hz into a constant flow of O2 gas while monitoring gas phase and surface core levels.

2D plots (top panel) and representative curve fit (bottom panel) at specific instances in time across the CO pulse as indicated by points I, II, III, and IV. Shown are the C 1s gas phase (GP) signal, at high binding energy displayed using a higher contrast region to amplify the faint CO2(g) feature (a, f), O 1 s GP signal with insets magnifying CO(g) and CO2(g) when appropriate (b, g), O 1s (c, h), C 1s (d, i), and Pt 4f7/2 core levels (e, j). To accurately assess the Pt 4f7/2 fits (j), the Ptbulk component was removed (see Supplementary Fig. 1 for the original fit with Ptbulk). Each row of fitted spectra (I–IV) equates to a slice of time on the 2D plots and represents significant points along the CO pulse within each pulsing region, also denoted by dashed lines in Fig. 3.