Fig. 1: ER stress is associated with the differential transport of UFA and SFA esters.

a Schematic of the procedure to establish the tunicamycin (TM)-induced in vivo ER stress model. b The expression of Bip in the livers was detected by Western blotting (n = 3 biological replicates in each group). c–e Representative gross appearance of the livers (c), representative micrographs of the liver sections stained with H&E and Oil Red O (Scale bars, 100 μm) (d), and the ratio of liver weight to body weight (e) of the mice are shown (male, n = 6 biological replicates in each group). f, g Levels of hepatic TG (f) and CHOL (g) were measured using the assay kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (dextrose n = 5 biological replicates, TM n = 4 biological replicates). h–j Twenty-four hours after injection of tunicamycin or dextrose, the mice were injected with 500 μg/g tyloxapol. Blood was collected before and 2 h after tyloxapol injection, the levels of TG (h), LDL (i), and CHOL (j) in plasma were detected by a fully automatic biochemical analyzer. The secretion rates of TG, LDL, and CHOL within 2 h were calculated (dextrose n = 3 biological replicates, TM n = 4 biological replicates). k The contents of each medium and long chain fatty acid in plasma were quantified using UHPLC-MS/MS, and l the total content of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in plasma was calculated by summing each of the saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids (male, n = 4 biological replicates in each group). Two-tailed Student’s t test were used. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.