Fig. 5: Altered molecular behaviour of highly galactosylated AcGGM in secondary cell walls analysed by solid-state NMR.

a Overlay of 13C CP- and DP-refocused INADEQUATE MAS ssNMR spectra of pIRX3::AtMAGT2. AcGGM peaks are labelled: Man (M), substituted Man (sM), α-Gal (Gal). Cellulose (domain 1, 1C; domain 2, 2C), xylose of xyloglucan (XgX), arabinose (A), and pectic galactan (G) are also labelled. Most AcGGM peaks were found in the DP spectrum, indicating its high mobility in the cell walls. b Comparison of C1, C2, and C5/6 regions of the DP spectra between wild-type and pIRX3::AtMAGT2. The spectra are normalised by C1 peaks at 105 ppm. Much less intensity of AcGGM peaks in the DP spectra of wild-type compared to pIRX3::AtMAGT2. Chemical shifts of the annotated peaks are listed in Supplementary Data 7. Spectra were acquired at a 13C Larmor frequency of 213.8 MHz and a MAS frequency of 12.5 kHz. The spin-echo duration used was 2.24 ms.