Fig. 2: Four sample patterns.

This figure shows the response distributions of four selected sample patterns, smoothed for clearer visualization. It also includes the predictions made by the QCE-VWM model (white curve) and the guidance neural network (black curve), both of which will be explained later. These patterns were selected due to their mid-range positioning in a comparison of the fitting accuracies between the two models, giving a fair visual assessment of their relative effectiveness.