Fig. 5: Costs and benefits of implementing adaptive traffic signal control.
From: Big-data empowered traffic signal control could reduce urban carbon emission
Geographic distribution of costs and benefits across cities: implementation cost (including installation and maintenance of traffic detectors) (a) benefits from reduced travel time (b), reduced gasoline consumption (c), and reduced CO₂ emissions (d). e, Benefit-cost ratios across 100 cities. f, Net costs and benefits in 100 cities, with negative values representing costs and positive values representing benefits. The base map is applied without endorsement from GADM data (https://gadm.org/).
