Fig. 8: Restoration of neonatal BBB function through GSK3β activation in BECs normalizes social behavior in adult mice.

a–h Social behavioral tests at adult age (17-19 week-old) using RSA assay. a A representative heatmaps show the movement traces of male eShank3-KO and Tek-Cre control mice injected with AAV-PHP.v1-CLDN5-GSK3βS9A-HA or AAV-PHP.v1-CLDN5-HA. Graphs display the S zone (3 cm radius from the inner cage) entry frequency (b, d), total duration spent in S zone (c, e) of all groups of mice. f Representative snapshots of sniffing behavior captured by a 180° fish-eye camera installed in the inner cage. Total duration of sniffing behaviors of male (g) and female (h) eShank3-KO and Tek-Cre control mice injected with AAV-PHP.v1-CLDN5-GSK3βS9A-HA (n = 17 for male eShank3-KO, n = 24 for male Tek-Cre, n = 13 for female eShank3-KO, n = 17 for female Tek-Cre) or AAV-PHP.v1-CLDN5-HA (n = 13 for male eShank3-KO, n = 29 for male Tek-Cre, n = 24 for female eShank3-KO, n = 17 for female Tek-Cre). Created in BioRender. Kim, S. (2025) https://BioRender.com/v30v894. Data are mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Šídák’s multiple comparisons tests (b–e, g, h). Detailed statistical methods and results are described in Supplementary Table 1. Source data are provided as Source Data File.