Fig. 4: Biocompatibility and biodegradability of FgC6 patch.

a Live/dead staining of L929 cells cultured in the control media and FgC6 patch-incubated media for durations of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Calcein acetoxymethyl was used to stain the living L929 cells (green), and propidium iodide was used to identify dead L929 cells (red). The experiment was repeated five times independently with similar results. b Cytotoxic effects of FgC6 patch on L929 cells evaluated following incubation periods of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days (n = 5 biologically independent replicates). c In vitro degradation of Fg and FgC6 systems in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with plasmin. The Fg and FgC6 systems can be recognized and degraded by plasmin, and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were investigated (n = 3 independent samples). d Schematic of the dorsal subcutaneous implantation in a rat model including the subsequent analysis of samples. e Image of the tissue with subcutaneously implanted FgC6 patch after implantation. f Degradation rate of Surgicel® Fibrillar and FgC6 patch after subcutaneous implantation (n = 3 biologically independent replicates). g Representative histological images using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for the surrounding tissue after subcutaneous implantation of Surgicel® Fibrillar and FgC6 patch at 1, 2 weeks. The experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. h Complete blood counts (CBCs) of control (healthy rats) and rats with the FgC6 patch subcutaneously implanted at 1, 2 weeks. White blood cell: WBC; lymphocyte: Lym; red blood cell: RBC; hemoglobin: HGB; hematocrit: HCT; platelet: PLT (n = 3 independent rats). i Blood chemistry of control (healthy rats) and rats with the FgC6 patch subcutaneously implanted at 1 and 2 weeks. Alanine transaminase: ALT; aspartate transaminase: AST; total protein: TP; albumin: ALB; blood urea nitrogen: BUN; Urea: UA (n = 3 independent rats). Error bars, mean ± SD. P values are determined by two-sided Student’s t-test for c. ns: not significant.