Fig. 3: pH/ROS dual responsiveness, degradation, antioxidation property and positive electrical property of the OSPPB hydrogel.

a–d Images, frequency-sweep, and SEM (Scale bars = 200 μm) of the OSPPB hydrogel after incubation with PBS (pH = 5) and/or H2O2 (n = 6, F(3, 20) = 140.7, p < 0.0001). e Degradation of OSPP and OSPPB hydrogels in PBS. f Characteristics of the S concentration changes over 14 days. g Photographs of DPPH after culture with OSPPB for 30 min, with the corresponding statistical results (n = 6, F(4, 25) = 567.7, p < 0.0001). h Zeta potential of OSPP and OSPPB hydrogels. i–k Characteristics of the binding test, showing the binding between OSPPB and RNA (n = 6, F(2, 15) = 930.3, p < 0.0001). Created in BioRender. Scale bar = 50 μm. l Molecular dynamic modulation and its quantification for RNA (light blue), VEGF (red) and PEI (Polyethyleneimine, purple). Data are shown as the means and standard deviations. One-way ANOVA is followed by the Tukey-Kramer method for post hoc multiple comparisons.