Table 4 Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from conditional logistic regression models for the associations between medical conditions and LCINS in the validation (CPRD-Aurum) dataset

From: Inflammatory diseases and risk of lung cancer among individuals who have never smoked

 

Validation (1-10 YEARS PRIOR TO SELECTION)a

Validation (10-32 YEARS PRIOR TO SELECTION)b

No. (%) in cases

No. (%) in controls

OR (95% CI)

p

No. (%) in cases

No. (%) in controls

OR (95% CI)

p

Infections and Inflammation

 Tuberculosis

9 (0.4)

41 (0.2)

2.01 (0.97,4.18)

0.06

4 (0.3)

17 (0.1)

2.44 (0.81,7.35)

0.11

 Influenza

28 (1.3)

207 (1.1)

1.22 (0.81,1.82)

0.34

25 (1.7)

229 (1.8)

0.92 (0.60,1.41)

0.70

 Upper Respiratory Infectionsc

444 (20.3)

3263 (16.7)

1.30 (1.16,1.46)

8.2E-06

200 (13.7)

1543 (11.9)

1.20 (1.01,1.42)

0.04

 Gastritis/NIGC

50 (2.3)

392 (2.0)

1.14 (0.84,1.53)

0.40

27 (1.9)

148 (1.1)

1.64 (1.08,2.49)

0.02

 GERD

132 (6.0)

917 (4.7)

1.32 (1.09,1.60)

4.8E-03

37 (2.5)

300 (2.3)

1.11 (0.78,1.58)

0.56

 Gastrointestinal Ulcersd

30 (1.4)

209 (1.1)

1.23 (0.84,1.81)

0.29

16 (1.1)

130 (1.0)

1.05 (0.62,1.78)

0.86

 DMT1

28 (1.3)

152 (0.8)

1.62 (1.08,2.44)

0.02

8 (0.5)

46 (0.4)

1.55 (0.73,3.32)

0.26

 Lupus

NR

24 (0.1)

0.78 (0.18,3.30)

0.73

2 (0.1)

8 (0.1)

2.24 (0.48,10.61)

0.31

 Psoriasis

42 (1.9)

301 (1.5)

1.27 (0.91,1.76)

0.16

15 (1.0)

148 (1.1)

0.88 (0.52,1.51)

0.65

 Other AI NOSe

36 (1.6)

324 (1.7)

0.98 (0.69,1.39)

0.92

20 (1.4)

145 (1.1)

1.27 (0.79,2.04)

0.32

 Rosacea

29 (1.3)

277 (1.4)

0.92 (0.63,1.36)

0.67

13 (0.9)

129 (1.0)

0.88 (0.49,1.57)

0.67

 COPD/Emphysema

77 (3.5)

243 (1.2)

2.90 (2.23,3.78)

0.00

13 (0.9)

45 (0.3)

2.52 (1.34,4.71)

0.00

Anemia

128 (5.9)

896 (4.6)

1.27 (1.05,1.54)

0.01

44 (3.0)

283 (2.2)

1.40 (1.01,1.95)

0.04

  1. aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, NIGC Non-infective gastroenteritis, and colitis, GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease, DMT1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, NR Not reportable because of CPRD cell size (< 5) reporting requirements, AI autoimmune, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder.
  2. Bolded rows have a statistical p-value ≤ 0.20 in a time interval.
  3. aOR: Conditional logistic regression models [Controls were individually matched (5–10) to cases on year of birth (+/− 2 years); sex; general practice or region (general practice first, then region if we could not identify a control within the same practice); and year of practice registration (+/− 2 year)] odds ratios are adjusted for age (linear term).
  4. aIncludes 2188 never-smoking lung cancer cases and 19,597 never-smoking controls with at least 1 year of registration within a CPRD-Aurum primary care clinic.
  5. bIncludes 1455 never-smoking lung cancer cases and 12,931 never-smoking controls with at least 10 years of registration within a CPRD-Aurum primary care clinic.
  6. cConsists of terms indicative of bronchitis, tracheitis, or upper respiratory infections.
  7. dConsists of terms indicative of peptic, gastric, or duodenal ulcers.
  8. eOther autoimmune conditions not classified.
  9. Multiple testing correction is not needed because these are validation analyses.
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