Table 5 Associations between medical conditions and LCINS in the validation (CPRD-Aurum) dataset 1–10 years before selection adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES, index of multiple deprivation)

From: Inflammatory diseases and risk of lung cancer among individuals who have never smoked

 

No. (%) in cases

No. (%) in controls

aOR (95% CI)

aOR1 (95% CI)

Infections and Inflammation

 Tuberculosis

9 (0.4)

41 (0.2)

2.01 (0.97,4.18)

2.04 (0.98,4.25)

 Influenza

28 (1.3)

207 (1.1)

1.22 (0.81,1.82)

1.21 (0.81,1.81)

 Upper Respiratory Infectionsc

444 (20.3)

3263 (16.7)

1.30 (1.16,1.46)

1.29 (1.15,1.45)

 Gastritis/NIGC

50 (2.3)

392 (2.0)

1.14 (0.84,1.53)

1.12 (0.83,1.51)

 GERD

132 (6.0)

917 (4.7)

1.32 (1.09,1.60)

1.30 (1.07,1.57)

 Gastrointestinal Ulcersd

30 (1.4)

209 (1.1)

1.23 (0.84,1.81)

1.23 (0.84,1.81)

 DMT1

28 (1.3)

152 (0.8)

1.62 (1.08,2.44)

1.60 (1.06,2.41)

 Lupus

NR

24 (0.1)

0.78 (0.18,3.30)

0.75 (0.18,3.18)

 Psoriasis

42 (1.9)

301 (1.5)

1.27 (0.91,1.76)

1.26 (0.91,1.75)

 Other AI not classifiede

36 (1.6)

324 (1.7)

0.98 (0.69,1.39)

0.96 (0.68,1.37)

 Rosacea

29 (1.3)

277 (1.4)

0.92 (0.63,1.36)

0.93 (0.63,1.37)

 COPD/Emphysema

77 (3.5)

243 (1.2)

2.90 (2.23,3.78)

2.83 (2.17,3.69)

Anemia

128 (5.9)

896 (4.6)

1.27 (1.05,1.54)

1.26 (1.04,1.53)

  1. aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, NIGC Non-infective inflammatory gastroenteritis and colitis, GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease, DMT1, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, NR Not reportable because of CPRD cell size (< 5) reporting requirements, AI autoimmune; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder.
  2. Bolded rows were also bolded in Table 4.
  3. aOR: Conditional regression model [Controls were individually matched to cases on year of birth (+/− 2 years); sex; general practice or region (general practice first, then region if we could not identify a control within the same practice); and year of practice registration (+/− 2 year)] odds ratios are adjusted for age (linear term). They are the same associations as those presented in Table 4 (1–10 years).
  4. aOR1: Further adjusted for body mass index (kg/m2) [< 18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9,≥ 30.0, missing or recorded > 15 years before selection] and index of multiple deprivation in deciles fitted with a trend.
  5. aIncludes 2188 never-smoking lung cancer cases and 19,597 never-smoking controls with at least 1 year of registration within a CPRD-Aurum primary care clinic.
  6. cConsists of terms indicative of bronchitis, tracheitis, or upper respiratory infections.
  7. dConsists of terms indicative of peptic, gastric, or duodenal ulcers.
  8. eOther autoimmune conditions not classified.
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