Fig. 7: KEGG functionalities significantly differ in abundance between PD and controls (CTR).

a Selected KEGG-based functionalities are displayed using a network in which the relationships between pathways, modules, and KO are indicated. The type of functionalities and the direction of enrichment are displayed using shapes and colours, respectively (see key). The size of each node in the network is proportional to the effect size (larger effect size = stronger enrichment). Only pathway and module nodes are labelled. Heatmap stripes indicate the proportion of differentially abundant KOs, out of all KOs in the pathway. TIISS = type II secretion system; TIIISS = type III secretion system; TIVSS = type IV secretion system; TVISS = type VI secretion system; SecSS = Sec secretion system. b For the xenobiotic metabolisms, a summary of the most representative reactions catalysed by KOs enriched in PD is shown. Each rectangle corresponds to an enzyme or a complex of enzymes, representing a metabolic reaction within the respective KEGG pathway. Rectangles are depicted in red when at least one of the KOs catalysing the enzymatic reaction was detected as enriched in PD, and in black when not. The number of reactions with KOs enriched in PD and the respective KO gene names are reported below each graph. Circles depict metabolites and xenobiotics, which are colour-coded to reflect their use by humans (see key).