Fig. 2: Sex-dependent changes of cell type proportions.

a Differential density UMAP embedding for male and female patients shows differences in the cell type distribution for AD, PD and MCI. Each embedding shows the spots with the highest density of the diseased patient group (red) or the healthy control group (blue). b Comparison of the cell type proportions (on the broad annotation) using scCODA with Age and ApoE as covariates. Celltypes with an absolute Fold-change of at least 0.5 that were reported as significant by scCODA are marked with a dot. c Relative change in the cell type-proportion in % between Healthy and the diagnosis groups for the different cell types reveals sex-specific changes. Significant values (adj. p-value < 0.05, unpaired Student’s t-test) are marked by a frame, previously described changes from the literature are marked with a dot. d Comparison of the changes of cell type proportions found in the literature and the cell type proportion changes found in our PBMC data using scCODA. Changes are only considered if they were reported as significant by scCODA between healthy and disease. If no sex is given, the test was performed without considering the sex. e Comparison of the cell type proportions on the fine Annotation using scCODA as described in (b). Celltypes with an absolute Fold-change of at least 1 that were reported as significant by scCODA are marked with a dot.