Fig. 2: ANOH-1 is required for touch-evoked calcium responses in ASJ neurons.

a Expression pattern of anoh-1 in hermaphroditic worm. Scale bars, 10 µm. Repeated independently with 10 worms. b The nose touch-induced calcium increases in ASH. Left: calcium responses; Right: maximum ΔF/F₀ changes. Mechanical stimulation: 20 µm displacement. c MRCs in ASH require DEG-1 but not ANOH-1. Left: sample traces; Right: peak MRC amplitudes. Mechanical stimulation: 15 µm displacement. P values were calculated using the Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA tests. d Micrograph showing two ASJ neurons of an adult hermaphroditic worm. Scale bars, 10 µm. Repeated independently with 10 worms. e Nose touch evoked a calcium increase in ASJ. Left: representative time-lapse images of GCaMP6s-based calcium responses in ASJ induced by nose touch; Right: calcium response. Mechanical force: 20 μm displacement. f Mechanical stimulation-induced calcium increases in ASJ. Left: calcium responses; Right: maximum ΔF/F₀ changes. The red arrow indicates the application of mechanical force (20 μm displacement). The mutations of anoh-1(K588A) and ANO1(K645A) will be further elucidated in the subsequent sections. P values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. g Histamine-induced calcium responses in ASJ with the transgenetic expression of HisCl1 channel. Left: calcium responses; Right: maximum ΔF/F₀ changes. P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney test. h Histamine-induced calcium responses in CEM with the transgenetic expression of HisCl1 channel. Left: calcium responses; Right: maximum ΔF/F₀ changes. P values were calculated using the Welch’s t test. i Histamine-induced calcium responses in CEM in chloride transporter mutants. Left: calcium responses; Right: maximum ΔF/F₀ changes. P values were calculated using the Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA tests. The numbers of independent assays are indicated in each column of the panel. Each dot represents 1 animal. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ns not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.