Fig. 3: Crystallization dynamics of mixed-halide perovskite thin films.
From: Local halide heterogeneity drives surface wrinkling in mixed-halide wide-bandgap perovskites
In situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) patterns of perovskites with compositions {x/y} = 0.25¦0.60 and {x/y} = 0.75⁞0.60 during spin-coating. Panels mark time stamps during the spin coating process. a, b 21 s. c, d 25 s. e, f 29 s. g, h 31 s. The frame at 25 s represents the casting of the antisolvent onto the substrate. Azimuthal intensity profiles of the main Debye-Scherrer ring (100) as a function of χ angle from GIWAXS for different perovskite compositions acquired in the 20–40 s period of spin-coating. i {x/y} = 0.25¦0.60. j {x/y} = 0.75⁞0.60. a, c, e, g, i refer to {x/y} = 0.25¦0.60 and b, d, f, h, j refer to {x/y} = 0.75⁞0.60. The data in i and j have been vertically offset for clarity.
