Fig. 1: ACC neurons are required for pain and itch responses without showing somatotopy.

a Representative image showing microinjection site in the ACC. Scale bar, 1 mm. b Scratching behavior after histamine injection (n = 4 mice in sal, n = 4 mice in CNQX/TTX; two-tailed unpaired t-test, t₆ = 2.704, *p = 0.0354). c Nociceptive behavior after formalin injection (n = 4 mice in sal, n = 4 mice in CNQX/TTX; two-tailed unpaired t-test, t₆ = 3.338, *p = 0.0157). d, e Antinociceptive and antipruriceptive responses induced by histamine injection in the nape of the neck (d n = 6 mice in measuring antinociceptive and antipruriceptive responses; two-tailed unpaired t-test, t₁₀ = 6.565, ***p < 0.0001) or formalin injection in the left hind sole (e n = 6 mice in measuring antinociceptive and antipruriceptive responses; two-tailed unpaired t-test, t₁₀ = 4.610, ***p = 0.0010). f The distribution of fos (+) cells in the whole ACC. Six mice per group were injected with histamine in the nape of the neck or formalin in the left hind sole. The distribution of fos (+) cells reconstructed in heatmaps. Scale bars, 200 μm. g Representative double immunolabeling images of the ACC showing CaMKII and Fos (left), and GABA and Fos (right) in histamine-injected mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. h Percentage of cells co-stained with CaMKII or GABA among total fos (+) cells (n = 7 mice injected with His; two-tailed unpaired t-test, t₁₂ = 20.32, ***p < 0.0001). i Representative double immunolabeling images of the ACC showing CaMKII and Fos (left), and GABA and Fos (right) in formalin-injected mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. j Percentage of cells co-stained with CaMKII or GABA among total fos (+) cells (n = 8 mice injected with For; two-tailed unpaired t-test, t₁₄ = 20.20, ***p < 0.0001). sal Saline, His Histamine, For Formalin. Data presented as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.