Fig. 2: Optimization of reaction conditions.

Standard reaction conditions: aniline (0.2 mmol, 1 equiv.), ethyl glyoxylate (1.2 equiv.), d2-HE1 (1.5 equiv.), Ca(NTf2)2 (5 mol%) in HFIP (0.2 M) at r.t. for 12 h. a Optimization of deuterium sources. b Optimization of catalysts. c Optimization of solvents. d Glorius’ sensitivity assessment.