Fig. 1: Super-moiré potential in device D1.

a Illustration of the two single moirés and super-moiré. The red (blue) indicates the top (bottom) layer of twisted hBN (t-hBN) and black is graphene. The wavelengths of t-hBN, G/hBN and G/t-hBN super-moiré are \({\lambda}_{1}\sim14.4\) nm, \({\lambda}_{2}\sim13.0\) nm and \({\lambda }_{{sm}}=63.2\) nm in device D1, respectively, outlined by three green dashed hexagons. b Schematic illustration of the superimposition of potentials from t-hBN (\({V}_{t-{hBN}}\)) and G/hBN (\({V}_{G/{hBN}}\)) layers, which generates a super-moiré potential (\({V}_{{sm}}\)) with a much larger wavelength. c Schematics for the formation of super-moiré in reciprocal space, which is the counterpart of a. \({{{{\bf{G}}}}}_{1}\), \({{{{\bf{G}}}}}_{2}\) and \({{{{\bf{G}}}}}_{{{{\rm{s}}}}{{{\rm{m}}}}}\) are the reciprocal lattice vectors for t-hBN, G/hBN and G/t-hBN super-moiré, respectively, and the three hexagons are corresponding Brillouin zones. d Calculated \({\lambda }_{{sm}}\) plotted as a function of \({\theta }_{1}\) and \({\theta }_{2}\). Only commensurate super-moiré configurations with wavelengths larger than 14 nm are considered and shown. The super-moiré wavelength realized in this experiment is denoted by the red box, with \({\theta }_{1}=1.0^\circ\), \({\theta }_{2}=0.4^\circ\) and \({\lambda }_{{sm}}=64.6\) nm. e Schematic side view of device D1, where monolayer graphene is aligned with t-hBN substrate. f Longitudinal resistance \({R}_{{xx}}\) as a function of carrier density \({n}_{{tot}}\) at 1.5 K. Two satellite resistance peaks, indicated by blue arrows, are related to the full fillings of the t-hBN and G/hBN moiré potentials. The small satellite peaks, marked by the magenta arrows, are related to the super-moiré potential. The inset is an enlarged plot, where the magenta curve is the second derivative of \({R}_{{xx}}\), \({{{{{\rm{d}}}}}^{2}R}_{{xx}}/{{{\rm{d}}}}{n}_{{tot}}^{2}\).