Fig. 1: The LWFA-based VHEE therapy prototype.
From: Preclinical tumor control with a laser-accelerated high-energy electron radiotherapy prototype
a General layout of the device, measuring 2.8 m by 1.4 m in size. b The detailed setup contained within the dashed circle in (a), where the 20 TW laser pulse was focused onto a gas jet to generate a high-energy electron beam with energy up to 175 MeV. The laser focus was assessed using a relay camera, and the plasma density information was examined using a synchronized, low-energy laser pulse directed to a Normasky interferometer. A PMQ triplet was employed to re-collimate the electron beam, reduce pointing variations and eliminate low-energy electrons, which was followed by a permanent dipole magnet to measure the electron spectrum. After the e− chamber’s exit, a scattering plate and a collimating aperture were introduced to shape the beam profile before it reached the sample stage. During the experiment, either animal samples or phantoms were placed on the stage.
