Fig. 5: Photovoltaic performance of all-perovskite tandem solar cells and other bandgap perovskites.

a Device architecture diagrams of all-perovskite 2 T tandem solar cells. b J–V curves of the champion 2 T tandem PSCs. c SPO measured at a bias voltage of 1.9 V for the best-performing 2 T tandem PSC. Illustration: Cross-sectional SEM image of a 2 T tandem solar cell (The scale bar is 600 nm). d EQE curves of the 2 T tandem PSCs. e J–V curves of two different devices: a single-junction semi-transparent WBG PSC, and a filtered NBG PSC. f SPO measured at bias voltages of 1.16 V and 0.74 V for the semi-transparent WBG PSC and the filtered NBG PSC, respectively. g EQE curves of the single-junction semi-transparent WBG PSC and the filtered NBG PSC. h J–V curves of control and K2SnO3-modified 1.54 eV-bandgap single-junction PSCs. i J–V curves of control and K2SnO3-modified 1.77 eV WBG single-junction PSCs.