Fig. 5: Effect sizes resulting from GLMMs testing predictor variables of alien vertebrate richness in mountains worldwide (n = 2696 mountains).
From: The global distribution patterns of alien vertebrate richness in mountains
For each predictor the six effect sizes shown represent the different GLMMs fitted: one cross-taxon model (black symbols) and five taxon-specific models, each in a different color. Values to the left of the zero line depict negative relationships between the response variable and the respective predictor (i.e., alien vertebrate richness increases as the predictor decreases), and those to the right show positive relationships. Unfilled circles represent variables with non-significant effects. Filled circles effects with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Error bars represent the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Significances for the geometry types are estimated against the baseline level of a diamond-shaped mountain. For the taxon-specific models we analyzed patterns of alien vertebrate richness variability across the following number of mountains: fishes (n = 722), amphibians (n = 429), reptiles (n = 498), birds (n = 2424), and mammals (n = 1549).
